What do -ing and -ed mean?
Use -ing adjectives for things, people, or events that cause a feeling. Use -ed adjectives for the person or animal that feels the feeling. We also use -ing and -ed as verb endings with spelling rules.
The movie is exciting.
I am excited.
She is running.
We played yesterday.
Ask: cause or feeling?
-ing adjectiveThe game is exciting.The game causes excitement.
-ed adjectiveThe players are excited.The players feel excitement.
Verb endingsplaying, playedDifferent grammar jobs.
Use -ing for the thing that causes a feeling.
A boring storyThe story makes me feel bored.The story causes it.
An interesting lessonThe lesson makes us interested.The lesson causes it.
A frightening noiseThe noise makes people frightened.The noise causes it.
Use -ed for the person who feels it.
I am bored.I feel bored.My feeling.
She is interested.She feels interest.Her feeling.
They are frightened.They feel fear.Their feeling.
Common -ing / -ed adjective pairs.
boring / boredThe book is boring.
I am bored.Cause / feeling.
I am bored.Cause / feeling.
exciting / excitedThe match is exciting.
We are excited.Cause / feeling.
We are excited.Cause / feeling.
tiring / tiredThe trip is tiring.
Dad is tired.Cause / feeling.
Dad is tired.Cause / feeling.
Use -ing for continuous actions.
Present continuousShe is walking.be + verb-ing.
Past continuousThey were playing.was/were + verb-ing.
After enjoyI enjoy reading.Some verbs are followed by -ing.
Use -ed for regular past verbs.
Simple pastWe played yesterday.finished action.
Past participleThe door was opened.passive or perfect forms.
CarefulNot all verbs use -ed.
go -> went -> goneIrregular verbs.
go -> went -> goneIrregular verbs.
Spelling rules for -ing.
Drop final emake -> making
write -> writingNot makeing.
write -> writingNot makeing.
Double final consonantrun -> running
sit -> sittingShort vowel + consonant.
sit -> sittingShort vowel + consonant.
Keep yplay -> playing
study -> studyingDo not change y.
study -> studyingDo not change y.
Spelling rules for -ed.
Add -edwalk -> walked
play -> playedMost verbs.
play -> playedMost verbs.
Drop final elike -> liked
dance -> dancedAdd only d.
dance -> dancedAdd only d.
Change y to istudy -> studied
carry -> carriedConsonant + y.
carry -> carriedConsonant + y.
Choose the correct form.
The film was very ___, so I fell asleep.
Choose the correct form.
The children were ___ about the trip.
Choose the correct form.
Look! The boy is ___ fast.
Which sentence is correct?
Choose the best sentence.
Which sentence uses the adjective correctly?
Choose the best sentence.
Fill five blanks.
Choose the correct form. Think about feelings, causes, and spelling rules.
After the long walk, I was .
The long walk was .
Maha is a card.
We football yesterday.
Ali for the quiz.
Mixed question types of 5
Answer all five. Then tap Finish test to see your result sheet.
1. Sentence completion
I was ___ when I saw the gift.
2. MCQ
Which sentence describes the thing causing the feeling?
3. Type the answer
She is ___ a story.
4. Type the answer
They ___ at the party.
5. MCQ
Which sentence is correct?
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