The global climate crisis represents one of the most significant challenges of the 21st century. Rising temperatures, caused primarily by greenhouse gas emissions, have led to a cascade of environmental changes worldwide. Polar ice caps are melting at unprecedented rates, contributing to rising sea levels that threaten coastal communities. Weather patterns have become increasingly unpredictable, with some regions experiencing severe droughts while others face devastating floods.

International efforts to address climate change began in earnest with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992. The subsequent Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement established frameworks for countries to reduce emissions and transition to renewable energy sources. Despite these agreements, global carbon emissions have continued to rise, though the rate of increase has slowed in some regions.

Scientific consensus emphasizes that limiting global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels is critical to preventing the most catastrophic consequences. This goal requires transformative changes across all sectors of the global economy, including energy production, transportation, agriculture, and manufacturing. Renewable energy technologies have advanced significantly, with solar and wind power becoming increasingly cost-competitive with fossil fuels.

Public awareness and activism surrounding climate change have grown substantially in recent years. Youth-led movements have emerged across the globe, demanding more ambitious climate policies from their governments. Meanwhile, businesses increasingly recognize that sustainability is not just an environmental imperative but also a strategic advantage in a changing marketplace.